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Patch Cable, Patch Cord, or Jumper?

Just what is a patch cable, patch cord, or jumper? They are all terms for the same item. The fiber optic industry uses these terms interchangeably. Patch cables are used to connect devices within an optical network. You can find them almost everywhere in today's connected world; telecom/telephone networks, computer networks, cable television networks (CATV), data centers, and many other places. They are also used in the testing of fiber optic networks.

The fiber optic cable is used to connect or patch one optical device to another. Each end of the fiber optic cable has a connector that allows the installer to quickly connect or disconnect the cable as needed. Simply put. They are very convenient. Save time and money. You will find the cable is used in server rooms and data centers, communication rooms as well as additional applications such as Fiber to the Home (FTTH) and Local Area Network (LAN).

These fiber optic patch cords are usually between .5 m and 3 m in length. However, FIS can make them in any length you prefer. Custom fiber patch cords are available in a wide variety of configurations with different connectors and different types of optical fiber.

Connectors terminate fibers so they can be plugged into equipment and devices. The connectors can also be mated together (using an adapter or mating sleeve) to form longer paths of continuous light. A fiber connection has two values, insertion loss, which is known as attenuation, and return loss known as reflection. A quality connector loses very little light due to misalignment or reflection of the fibers. 

FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR TYPES

LC Connectors- The big plus with these connectors is they are half the size of an SC connector and they are highly favored for single-mode applications. They have detachable clips which make it easier to correct polarity issues in the field. Its design makes it pull-proof (or non-optical disconnect) and its small size is perfect for high-density applications. They are used in optical telecom applications, data centers, and most new installations today. LC insertion loss is 0.10 dB. PROS: Good engineering.

SC Connectors- Simple, rugged, and low cost, this fiber optic connector uses a push-pull latching mechanism similar to common audio and video cables. The SC is used for telecom and datacom applications primarily. SC insertion loss is 0.25 dB. PROS: Fast push-pull action. 

ST Connectors- These are found in many applications and environments. The main characteristic of this connector is that it has a spring-loaded bayonet-type mount. This mount, which is locked with a half twist prevents rotation of the ceramic ferrule. This type of connector is used in both long and short-distance applications. An example would be campuses and in-building multimode fiber applications. Most ST connectors are ceramic, but some can be metal or plastic. ST insertion loss is 0.5 dB. PROS: Versatile & Inexpensive.

FC Connectors- Designed to use a round screw-type fitment made from stainless or nickel plate. This connector is particularly effective in high-vibration environments, the ferrule of this fiber optic connector can be UPC (Ultra Physical Contact) or APC (Angled Physical Contact) finished, which ensures low back reflection. FC insertion loss is 0.3 dB. PROS: Common. 

ANATOMY OF A FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR

Ferrule - this is where the glass fiber is actually held. The center is hollow and holds the fiber firmly using epoxy. Ferrules can be made from plastic, metal, or ceramic; they usually hold one fiber strand.

Connector body -This part holds the ferrule, attaches to the jacket, and is a strong member of the fiber cable itself. Usually made of metal or plastic.

Coupling mechanism - Holds the connector in place as it is attached to another device. There are several types of coupling devices; they can be a latch clip, a spring-loaded bayonet, a push-pull mechanism, or a similar type of device.

IMPORTANT TIPS

On all connectors, cleaning the ceramic ferrule before each connection helps prevent scratches and extends the connector life substantially.
Use a good microscope to inspect the ends. Cheap equipment is not very effective.
As you remove the connector, do not pull or twist the cable. This can cause the optical fiber inside the cable to break.
Never hit the end of an optical connector against any hard surface. Any hard surface can damage the end of a connector.
Never touch the end of a broken fiber optic cable. Touching the end of it can cause injury by piercing the skin.